Laparoscopy

What is Laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery that uses small incisions, rather than large ones, allowing doctors to view and treat issues in the abdomen or pelvis. A laparoscope—a thin device with a camera—displays images of internal organs on a screen, reducing recovery time and scarring compared to traditional open surgery.

How Laparoscopy Works

Laparoscopy typically requires general anesthesia, so you’ll be asleep during the procedure. A small cut is made near the belly button, and the abdomen is filled with gas to create space for viewing. The laparoscope is inserted through this incision, and additional small cuts may be made for other tools if needed.

In some cases, a uterine manipulator may be inserted through the vagina to help move pelvic organs for a clearer view. After the procedure, the instruments are removed, the gas is released, and the incisions are closed. Most people go home the same day unless the surgery is complex.

Why Laparoscopy is Done

Laparoscopy is used to diagnose and treat a range of conditions, including:

• Endometriosis: If medications haven’t relieved symptoms, laparoscopy can confirm the diagnosis and remove affected tissue.
• Fibroids: Laparoscopy may remove noncancerous growths (fibroids) in or outside the uterus, depending on size, number, and location.
• Ovarian Cysts: Persistent cysts that don’t resolve may be removed laparoscopically.
• Ectopic Pregnancy: Laparoscopy can remove an ectopic pregnancy (when a pregnancy occurs outside the uterus).
• Pelvic Floor Disorders: Conditions like urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse can be treated laparoscopically.
• Cancer: Some cancers, such as ovarian or endometrial, can be diagnosed or treated with laparoscopy.
• Infertility: Laparoscopy helps identify causes of infertility, like scar tissue or blockages in the pelvis.
• Pelvic Mass or Chronic Pelvic Pain: For unexplained masses or pain, laparoscopy can diagnose and treat the cause.
• Tubal Sterilization: Laparoscopy allows for permanent birth control by cutting, tying, or sealing the fallopian tubes.
• Hysterectomy: Laparoscopy can be used to remove the uterus.

What to Expect After Laparoscopy

After surgery, you will be monitored in a recovery area. Mild drowsiness or nausea from anesthesia is common, and most people can go home the same day. Complex procedures may require a short hospital stay.

Common Post-Surgery Symptoms:

• Soreness at the incision sites
• Shoulder pain due to gas used during surgery, which should dissipate within hours or days
• Sore throat if a breathing tube was used
• Fatigue or light cramping

Most people return to daily activities within a few days for minor procedures, though complex surgeries may require longer recovery. Follow your doctor’s advice on resuming activities and avoid strenuous exercise if advised. Contact your provider if you experience severe pain, fever, heavy vaginal bleeding, or signs of infection at the incision site.

Benefits and Risks of Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy generally involves less pain, fewer complications, and faster recovery than open surgery. Smaller incisions allow for quicker healing, minimal scarring, and lower infection risk. However, like any surgery, there are some risks:

• Infection or bleeding at incision sites
• Internal bleeding or accidental injury to nearby organs, like the bladder or intestines
• Hernia (a bulge at an incision site from poor healing)

These risks may be higher for patients with conditions like diabetes or obesity, which can slow healing. Occasionally, laparoscopy may need to convert to open surgery if complications arise or more space is needed.

Making the Decision for Laparoscopy

Before choosing laparoscopy, discuss alternative treatments like medications or non-surgical options with your provider. Ask about the procedure, expected results, and specific risks. In some cases, other treatments may be as effective without surgery.

Key Takeaways

1. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery using small incisions, leading to faster recovery and smaller scars.
2. Common uses include treating conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and ectopic pregnancy.
3. Recovery is usually fast, with most people resuming daily activities within a few days.
4. Risks are low but include infection, bleeding, or internal injury.
5. Consider all options with your provider before deciding if laparoscopy is the best choice.

Managing Recovery from Laparoscopy

After laparoscopy, follow your provider’s instructions for rest and wound care. Take it easy for a few days, avoid heavy activities as advised, and watch for any signs of infection or worsening symptoms. A follow-up appointment may be scheduled to check your recovery.