Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)

Understanding the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)

What is LEEP?

The Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a treatment used to remove abnormal, precancerous cells from the cervix to prevent the development of cervical cancer. The main risk factor for these cell changes is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection.

How HPV Affects the Cervix

HPV can cause normal cells in the cervix to become abnormal. Most people with HPV naturally clear the infection, but in some cases, it can lead to abnormal cell growth. If untreated, these cells can eventually develop into cancer. Regular Pap tests detect these abnormal cells early, allowing for timely treatment to prevent cervical cancer.

How LEEP Is Performed

LEEP is a quick procedure, often done in a gynecologist’s office, that uses a thin wire loop with an electric current to remove a layer of abnormal cervical tissue. Here’s what to expect:

1. Preparation: You will lie on an exam table with your legs in stirrups. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to hold it open, similar to a pelvic exam.
2. Anesthesia and Visualization: A local anesthetic numbs the cervix, and a vinegar solution is applied to make abnormal cells more visible. This may cause a mild sting.
3. Removal of Tissue: The electric loop is passed over the cervix, cutting away the abnormal tissue. Some women experience a dull ache, pressure, or mild cramping during this step. If you feel faint, let your provider know.
4. Aftercare: A special paste may be applied to stop any bleeding. The removed tissue is sent to a lab for testing, and your provider will contact you with results once available.

Risks of LEEP

While LEEP is generally safe, there are some possible risks:

• Bleeding: Heavy bleeding may occur within the first three weeks after the procedure. Contact your provider if this happens, as additional paste may be needed to stop it.
• Future Pregnancy Risks: There is a slight increase in the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in future pregnancies, although most women do not experience issues.
• Cervical Narrowing: Rarely, LEEP can cause the cervix to narrow, which might lead to menstrual issues.

What to Expect After LEEP

After LEEP, you may experience:

• Discharge: A watery, pinkish discharge or a brownish-black discharge may occur due to the paste used.
• Cramping: Mild cramping is common.

While the cervix heals, it’s essential to avoid inserting anything into the vagina, including tampons or engaging in sexual intercourse, until cleared by your provider to prevent infection.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Reach out to your provider if you notice any of the following symptoms:

• Heavy bleeding (soaking through a pad in an hour)
• Bleeding with clots
• Severe abdominal pain
• Fever or chills

Staying Healthy After LEEP

To maintain cervical health after LEEP, follow these guidelines:

• Regular Screenings: Continue to have pelvic exams and cervical cancer screenings as recommended.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer.
• Practice Safe Sex: Limiting the number of sexual partners and using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV and other STIs.

Managing Health Post-Procedure

After LEEP, follow your provider’s advice for recovery and attend all follow-up appointments to monitor cervical health. Most women experience full recovery with minimal complications, and LEEP is generally effective in preventing abnormal cells from returning.